CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES ENCROACHING ON THE OBJECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article notes the importance of protection of objects of cultural heritage as an activity of the state to ensure a system of legal, organizational, financial, material and technical, urban, informational and other measures to account (detection, scientific study, classification, state registration), prevention of destruction or damage, protection, storage, maintenance, appropriate use, conservation, restoration, repair, rehabilitation, adaptation and museification of cultural heritage. Such actions are based on the norms of international law and national legislation on the protection of cultural heritage. Such activities become especially important during martial law. Cultural heritage means «landmarks: works of architecture, monumental sculpture and painting, elements and structures of an archaeological character, inscriptions, caves and groups of elements which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; ensembles: groups of isolated or united buildings whose architecture, unity or relationship to the landscape are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; sightseeing places: works of man or common works of man and nature, and areas, including archaeological sites, of universal value in terms of history, aesthetics, ethnology, or anthropology". Preservation and multiplication of cultural heritage is provided by the system of legal, organizational and administrative measures regulated by the Constitution of Ukraine, international conventions ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine, legislative acts on preservation of cultural heritage, among which are the Laws of Ukraine «On protection of cultural heritage», «On protection of archaeological heritage», «On museums and museum business», «On export, import and return of cultural property» and other normative acts. The subject of protection of the object of cultural heritage is a characteristic feature of the object of cultural heritage, which constitutes its historical and cultural value, on the basis of which this object is recognized as a monument. All this determines the relevance of the development and implementation of international legislation. To record objects of material and spiritual culture of exceptional historical, artistic, scientific, or other cultural value, which are important for the formation of the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people and determine its contribution to the world cultural heritage, the State Register of National Cultural Heritage was established, which includes stories; archaeological monuments; urban planning and architectural sites; art monuments; documentary attractions. Other objects of exceptional historical, cultural, ethnological, or scientific review value may also be entered in the register. The need to study the status, structure and trends of criminal offenses encroaching on the objects of cultural heritage of Ukraine is due to the need to obtain reliable data on the distribution of certain compositions of criminal offenses, the characteristics of the persons committing them in a particular territory. Knowledge of patterns will allow to determine not only a variety of parameters of the studied crimes, but also to characterize the persons who have an increased propensity to commit them. It is the totality of the obtained knowledge will contribute to the development of effective forecast of changes in the state, structure and dynamics of criminal offenses in the territory of Ukraine.