ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN OMBUDSMEN AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES AND ITS PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of international experience in the interaction between ombudsman institutions and public administration bodies, as well as to identifying prospects for its implementation in the Ukrainian legal system in the context of ongoing armed aggression and post-war reconstruction.It is substantiated that, amid profound political, socio-economic, and security transformations, the effectiveness of the ombudsman institution is determined not so much by the formal consolidation of its mandate as by the practical efficacy of its instruments of influence on public administration bodies. In this regard, the ombudsman’s ability to not only record human rights violations but also to ensure the actual implementation of its recommendations, the elimination of shortcomings in the work of public administration bodies, and the initiation of changes in normative regulation becomes of critical importance.The article examines the models of interaction between the national human rights institutions of Ukraine and Serbia with public administration bodies, the scope of their mandates, and the rights granted by relevant legislation.The institutional environment in which the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights and the Serbian Protector of Citizens operate is characterized on the basis of an analysis of international indices (GANHRI accreditation status, Rule of Law Index, Freedom House indices, Democracy Index, V-Dem, CIVICUS Monitor). It is demonstrated that, although both institutions hold “A” status under GANHRI, the actual level of institutional capacity and the effectiveness of their interaction with public administration bodies differs significantly, particularly in terms of recommendation implementation rates.On the basis of comparative analysis, proposals are formulated for improving the Ukrainian model, including: granting the Ukrainian Ombudsman the right to submit legislative initiatives that are mandatory for consideration; strengthening mechanisms of disciplinary liability for systematic disregard of recommendations; establishing a system of regular inter-agency monitoring of their implementation; and institutionalising the Ombudsman’s participation in shaping human rights policy.The conclusion is drawn that the incorporation of these instruments into national legislation could substantially enhance the effectiveness of parliamentary oversight over human rights observance in Ukraine, especially in the context of post-war reconstruction and the reform of public administration.