GUARANTEEING SAFETY TO HUMAN BEINGS AND SOCIETY AS THE FUNCTION OF A STATE AND SOVEREIGN RULER IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD OF EUROPE

Abstract

Abstract. The author shows that the key political and legal basis for the formation of security discourse inmedieval European civilization was a monopoly on its official status Christian doctrine. This doctrine offered aholistic and interdependent vision of law, the state, society and their links in establishing, justifying, legitimizingand strengthening the principles of safe existence of society. It had domestic and foreign policy dimensions,covered with its discourse the relationship between the various subjects of political and legal relations, structuredthese relations around the leading centers of power, which in medieval Europe were monarchical, feudal (largeterritorial magnates) and church structures. ), as well as contributed to the integration of medieval societies,especially in the stages of decay and decline of the institutions of central government. This concept was largelybased on the synthesis of late antiquity political and legal heritage (the idea of the common good, justice, peace,etc.) with the spiritual foundations of Christian doctrine (peace, harmony, order, ideas of godliness, obedience tothe law, etc.). It is shown that, being a civilization of military-religious type, the Middle Ages brought to the foresuch spheres of public security as military and religious security. It has been found that the political and legal thought of the Middle Ages significantly shifted the emphasis in structuring the subjects of guaranteeing publicsafety, bringing God and the Church as His earthly incarnation in the first place. Legal institutionalization of publicsafety was understood in political and legal thought as a complex and dynamic phenomenon, inseparable from theco-creation of God and man: being the ultimate highest authority for guaranteeing public safety, the guarantor ofits high axiological value, God nevertheless making one's own efforts to consciously guarantee public safety, alongwith other social values such as life, justice, equality before God, responsibility, conscience, etc. The weaknessof the implementation of the security function by the state and the central government was compensated by theauthority and power of the Church, which assumes the security function as the embodiment of God's Will and theprototype of the City of God on earth.