GENESIS OF ROAD SAFETY AND OPERATION OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article, based on the analysis of historical documents, regulatory legal acts and practice, highlights and analyzes the periods of development of legislation in the field of road safety. It is emphasized that the first legislative acts regulating road traffic were adopted at the beginning of the 18th century in the countries of Western Europe, and the active development of the motor transport industry at the beginning of the 20th century led to the development of criminal legislation in the direction of the gradual creation of norms regulating the criminal protection of the activities of certain types of transport from criminal encroachments in the presence of complex problems of codification. Since then, the issues of ensuring safety in road transport have not lost their relevance, which is quite understandable, given the active development of the field of road transport both in the world as a whole and in Ukraine in particular. The problem of ensuring the specified safety became especially acute throughout the world at the end of the 20th century, when the development of the motor transport industry reached a new level: cars became more accessible to people; the specific weight of motor passenger and freight transportation increased; the level of achieved technologies allowed to significantly improve the technical characteristics of cars, in particular in terms of their speed qualities. The article draws attention to the legislation of modern Ukraine – it assesses legal norms aimed at preventing offenses in the field of road safety. As part of the conducted research, a new specific stage of development of road safety and operation of road transport was identified, which is associated with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On the Legal Regime of Martial Law» and the actual introduction of this state. Control measures to ensure road safety in wartime are implemented both at checkpoints and beyond. However, the development of Ukrainian legislation in this area cannot be considered sufficiently complete today, since there are a number of gaps and outdated provisions, which are also contained in the adopted state target programs, concepts and strategies for combating crime.