ЖЕРТВА НАСИЛЬНИЦЬКИХ ЗЛОЧИНІВ – КЛЮЧОВЕ ПОНЯТТЯ ВІКТИМОЛОГІЇ

Abstract

Ukraine, at the present stage of its development, is experiencing a deep social and political crisis, andwithin its limits the increasing criminalization of many spheres of life, both at the level of mass phenomena and atthe individual level. The consequence of such a negative situation is the deterioration of state control over crime(from its individual manifestations to terrorist), lower living standards of many families, increased sensitivity ofsociety to psychologically irritating factors, legal nihilism and as a result of violence. This requires practitionersand scientists to continue to study this phenomenon and develop adequate preventive, criminological, criminal law,etc. measures to neutralize threats and in general the possibility of its occurrence. It is impossible to study violencewithout studying its consequences and preconditions, as well as the object of such violence.The interest in the victim, in fact, is due to the fact that he is a necessary element of criminogenic conflict – oneof the components, along with the identity of the offender, criminal and violent behavior. And the criminologicalcharacteristics of a person who commits violent acts will be valuable and complete only if it is supplemented byvictimological characteristics. In this case, we will be able to avoid one-sided criminological research, where theidentity and behavior of the offender are not supplemented by the characteristics of the victim of the crime, but areconsidered separately, without connection with each other. Studying the victim in various aspects and his role inthe genesis of crime, criminal victimology assumes that a person's behavior can be inherently not only criminal butalso reckless, risky, frivolous, promiscuous, sometimes provocative, and therefore dangerous to himself, which, ofcourse, increases her propensity for criminal encroachment. In this regard, the characteristics of the person are ofadditional importance: age, gender, social status, social roles, profession, willingness to act in a critical situationin a certain way, as well as the environment, specific situation, behavior of third parties, etc. The combination ofobjective and subjective factors and their interaction affects the ability of a person to become a victim of crime.