THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AREAS AND TYPES OF AQUACULTURE

Abstract

This scientific article describes the directions and types of aquaculture.It is noted that aquaculture has a branched structure and systemic content. The classification of aquaculturespecies makes it possible not only to summarize existing information about their species, but also reveals thefeatures of certain species of aquaculture for their research and, accordingly, make suggestions for improving theirpublic administration.It is argued that, based on the methods of cognition, classification in the field of aquaculture, it should be notedthat aquaculture by areas is divided into:– commodity – cultivation of commercial fish and its sale;– reproduction of aquatic bioresources – activities of aquaculture entities related to the introduction of aquaticorganisms into water bodies to restore their populations and replenish fish stocks;– provision of recreational services – activities related to the organization of recreation, granting the right tosport and recreational fishing, green tourism, etc. It is proved that the directions of aquaculture are purposeful realization of the set tasks on creation, processingand realization of objects of aquaculture for the purpose of satisfaction of food needs of a society by this kind ofproduction.The content of directions and types of aquaculture are characterized: commodity aquaculture (means the contentand features of breeding, including cultivation, aquatic bioresources in semi-free conditions or artificially createdenvironment, their production (catch) with the subsequent sale of catches of aquatic bioresources); reproductionof aquatic bioresources (carried out by breeding, resettlement, resettlement of aquatic bioresources); recreationalservices (any activity or benefit provided to the client in specialized areas outside his place of residence and in hisfree time to restore his physical and psychological strength, satisfy sports, health, cognitive interests, etc.); grazingaquaculture (in lakes, rivers and reservoirs is the most economical method of obtaining fish products through theuse of artificial feed, solar energy, the cycle of substances, etc.); industrial aquaculture (reproduction and feeding ofvaluable fish species in cooling reservoirs, ponds and swimming pools; fish farming in systems with return watersupply); mariculture, recreational aquaculture and ornamental (aimed at growing aquatic animals and plants todecorate small natural and artificial ponds).