TACTICAL FEATURES OF INSPECTING THE SITE OF AN AVIATION INCIDENT IN COMPLEX TERRAIN AND URBAN BUILDINGS.

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the tactical features of inspecting the site of an aviation incident in difficult terrain and dense urban development as one of the most complex and responsible investigative (search) actions in criminal proceedings. It is substantiated that aviation incidents form a multi-level, dynamic and fragmented trace pattern, which is significantly influenced by natural, man-made, spatial and social factors, which greatly complicates the process of its detection, recording and interpretation. Particular attention is paid to the impact of terrain relief, limited accessibility of certain areas, the vertical structure of urban space, engineering infrastructure and intensive anthropogenic load on the tactics of organising and conducting inspections. The paper proves that traditional forensic approaches to crime scene investigation are not fully applicable to the investigation of aviation incidents occurring in mountainous, forest, or water areas, or within urban areas, where the process involves multiple parties, poses a high level of danger to those involved in the investigation, rapid changes in the situation, and significant risks of loss or distortion of evidence. The need to consider the examination of an aviation accident site as a complex systemic activity that combines forensic, technical, organisational and security elements, as well as requiring close cooperation between the investigator and emergency rescue, fire, medical and engineering services, is justified. The article analyses the tactical tasks of the preparatory stage of the inspection, the peculiarities of zoning the scene, determining the boundaries of the inspection, choosing the sequence of actions and priorities for recording objects in situations of increased spatial complexity. The importance of modern technical means of recording, in particular aerial photography, 3D modelling and digital documentation, for reproducing the complex configuration of the trace pattern is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the problems of preserving biological, material and digital traces, working with aircraft debris, damage to infrastructure objects and sources of video information in an urban environment. It was concluded that the effectiveness of examining the site of an aviation incident in complex terrain and urban areas directly depends on scientifically sound tactics capable of minimising the entropy of trace information, ensuring its procedural reliability and creating an objective basis for further reconstruction of the mechanism of the incident and evidence in criminal proceedings. The formulated provisions are important for the development of forensic methodology and can be used in the practical activities of pre-trial investigation bodies and in the educational process