SEPARATE SUBJECTS OF ENSURING PUBLIC ORDER DURING MASS EVENTS

Abstract

The article examines the administrative and legal basis for ensuring public order during mass events in Ukraine through the prism of a system of separate entities and organizational and legal mechanisms for their interaction, which allows tracing the logic of the formation and implementation of security decisions at various levels of public authority and with the participation of civil society institutions, since mass events are characterized by increased risks to public safety due to the concentration of people in public spaces, the complexity of predicting crowd behavior, and the presence of external factors, which highlights the need to combine preventive and coercive tools, advance planning, constant monitoring of the situation, and rapid response to incidents. At the same time, we emphasize that the effectiveness of public order protection must be consistent with constitutional guarantees of freedom of peaceful assembly and the requirements of legality and proportionality of intervention, and that management decisions in the field of security must be based on procedural certainty, transparent coordination algorithms, and the predictability of the actions of authorized entities. It is this approach that has made it possible to characterize the system of public order enforcement entities during mass events according to specific levels, in particular political-strategic, sectoral, operational, jurisdictional, territorial, and public, which is of fundamental importance for determining the limits of participation of each individual entity, taking into account the overall level of security, which is formed not only by the volume of forces involved, but also by the quality of preparation of the venue, the content and observance of internal rules, the appropriateness of admission procedures, the effectiveness of information support and the level of organizational discipline, as well as taking into account the additional risks of mass events associated with infrastructure requirements and the increased dynamics of the behavior of certain groups of people, which objectively requires more detailed coordination and unified standards of action. Thus, the results of the study show that the effectiveness of public order protection during mass events is determined not by the number of institutions involved, but by the coordination of management and law enforcement actions, a clear division of powers and responsibilities, proper communication with organizers and participants, procedural certainty in decision-making, and control over the legality of preventive and de-escalation measures applied.