REASONS AND ORIGINS OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AS A SEPARATE BRANCH OF LAW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/klj/2025.2.55Keywords:
international humanitarian law, jus ad bellum, jus in bello, protection of war victims, military conflictsAbstract
Purpose. The thesis is devoted to the problem of studying the causes and mechanisms of the emergence of international humanitarian law as a separate independent branch of the judiciary. There were disclosed the features of the historical process of the appearance of international humanitarian law as a system of universal international legal norms and treaties are revealed. There were identified main reasons for the appearance of international humanitarian law and the need for its separation into a separate independent branch of law.Methods. During the studying the emergence of international humanitarian law, the main attention was paid to the set of historical-legal and comparative-legal methods of cognition. The tools of comparative legal analysis were widely used to compare the historical conditions of a specific period of development of social processes and those legal mechanisms that were emerging in them. This made it possible to reveal a significant connection between factors of a socio-political and socio-economic nature on the one hand, and the processes of forming the system of international legal protection of war victims. A group of philosophical and legal methods were used separately, which made it possible to reveal the mechanisms of influence of the norms of international humanitarian law on socio-political processes, as well as to reveal their dependence on the development of legal consciousness in different periods of history of the 19th–21st centuries.Results. There were studied and determined the reasons for the emergence and development of international humanitarian law, among which the following stand out the most: the increase in the number of war victims due to the evolution of military technologies and the need to minimize the destructive impact of aggressive military conflicts. There were also defined the approaches to determining the reasons for the appearance and development of international humanitarian law. It was analysed of factors of influence of a socio-political, socio-humanitarian and international criminal nature on the process of its forming and developing. Among the main factors, in addition to the need to protect the lives and health of people, there are also those that are related to the inadmissibility of unjustified destruction of civilian infrastructure, the need to preserve the gradual development of humanity and compliance with civilizational principles of development.Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it was established that the development of international humanitarian law is a reaction of a progressive society to the destructive processes that took place during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which caused the protection of the civilian population during armed conflicts.Subsequently, the need for such protection was extended to all victims of war, and the latest trends in the development of international humanitarian law tend to address the problems of preventing armed conflicts.There were determined the prospects for the further development of the system of international humanitarian law and the need to rethink its value.
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