INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE FORMATION AND OPERATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

Abstract

International standards for the formation and operation of commercial banks are an important component of the global financial system, ensuring stability, transparency and efficiency of banking activities.They cover regulatory and organizational principles that regulate the functioning of banks in the international environment, contributing to the harmonization of financial policies of different countries.The main source of international standards for the banking sector are the requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The most significant are the Basel Accords (Basel I, Basel II, Basel III), which regulate the capital adequacy of banks, risk management and liquidity. In particular, Basel III provides for increased requirements for the level of equity, liquidity and resilience of banks to financial crises.In addition to the Basel Accords, the activities of commercial banks are influenced by other international regulatory initiatives, such as the principles of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and the European Union directives (CRD IV, CRR), which regulate the issues of transparency, financial reporting, and responsibility of banking institutions.An important role in the formation of banking standards is played by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which develop programs for macroeconomic stability and financial development, as well as implement tools for assessing banking risks. The application of international standards allows commercial banks to increase their competitiveness, reduce systemic risks, and ensure compliance with the requirements of international financial markets. At the same time, the adaptation of such norms to national conditions is a complex process that requires effective interaction between regulatory authorities, commercial banks, and international financial institutions.Therefore, international standards for the formation and operation of commercial banks are a key factor in the stability of the global banking system, contribute to the prevention of crisis phenomena and create uniform rules for the financial sector on a global scale.